What Is Warhammer

Currency mart logo
Follow Currency Mart August 30, 2024
what is warhammerWarhammer, a multifaceted universe that combines tactical battles, fictional lore, and collectible miniatures, has captured the imagination and hearts of millions worldwide. Though seemingly obscure to the uninitiated, stepping into Warhammer's universe opens doors to limitless creativity and strategic intricacies, transcending age, culture, and social background. This article aims to demystify its allure by delving into three primary components of the Warhammer experience. Starting with an 'Introduction to Warhammer,' we shall explore the origins and core principles that define this immensely popular game. Moving forward, we'll understand the enthralling 'Different Types of Warhammer,' outlining the diverse, pocket realms existing within the broad Warhammer Universe. Lastly, in 'Engaging with Warhammer: Games, Models, and Community,' we deep-dive into everything from strategizing intricate battle maneuvers to painting monastic space marines, and being part of the thriving supporter base. So whether you're a battle-hardened veteran of the 41st Millenium or fundamentally new to this riveting experience, join us as we traverse the exhilarating world of Warhammer. And it all begins with understanding the rudiments of what Warhammer essentially is and how it began its intriguing tale of warfare. Let's embark on this journey.

Introduction to Warhammer

Warhammer's multi-dimensional gaming universe has intrigued enthusiasts and aficionados since its inception, offering a haven for those drawn to strategic battles and high fantasy. Its grandeur is encapsulated in three key aspects: its intriguing historical context, its vibrant and dynamic universe brimming with diverse components, and its substantial popularity and cultural impact. The unbounded Warhammer universe was born from a rich tapestry of history, which is set against a fantastical backdrop that marries real-world historical events with layers of imagined narratives. These narratives are brought to life through a wide array of key components that make up the Warhammer universe, ranging from meticulously sculpted miniatures to elaborate game mechanics. Furthermore, Warhammer's enduring popularity and far-reaching cultural impact, evident in its widespread recognizability and varied media adaptations, serve as a testament to its engaging content and high-quality gaming experience. As we delve further into the world of Warhammer, let us first uncover its historical context, an aspect as diverse and captivating as the game itself.

Historical Context of Warhammer

Warhammer, an engrossing franchise that includes miniature wargames, novels, and role-playing video games, was drawn from the depths of English creators Rick Priestley and Richard Halliwell's minds in the year 1983. The initial epic adventure was set in a fantasy world, reminiscent of Europe's Middle Ages, a universe fraught with perils of mortality with races such as Humans, Elves, Dwarves, and Orcs, along with some unique entities like the Undead and the Skaven. The battlefields for these tabletop games were a theatre for victory and loss, with the dice determining the life or death of miniatures. As the years advanced, so did the Warhammer universe. It expanded extensively mirroring the apparent increasing scale and complexity of world events. 1987 marked the genesis of Warhammer 40,000—often known as WH40K or simply 40K. This was a distinguishing era for the saga as it transitioned from the realm of fantasy to science fiction - a dystopian environment set in the 41st millennium. With this evolution, thematic elements such as warfare set in space, exploration of alien species, and high technology were skilfully intertwined into the narrative. Religion became more marked, with striking parallels drawn between the Imperial Cult of the Imperium and Catholicism. Responding to the Cold War's geopolitics, Warhammer 40k reflected the anxieties and speculations of its age. The Chaos faction, embodying the fears and uncertainties about communism, stood opposite the Imperium, which represented Western societies' values and fears. The creators astutely and concurrently ran new editions of both Warhammer scenarios – the fantasy and 40,000, adding new races such as the Tau and new game mechanics over time. In the 2000s, reflecting on the genre's evolving trends, the franchise layer by layer unfolded a storyline with remarkable realism— the disintegration and rebirth of the world now known as Warhammer: Age of Sigmar. Conversely, 40K moved in the path of incrementally increasing the stakes for the characters and the battles that ensued. It navigated socio-political matters, accentuating indirect criticism of real-world politics, thus acting as a mirror to our societies. Equally worth noting is how consistently the creators adapted the game. They upheld the gaming community's interests, drawing influence from historical events, cultural shifts, and perceived future societal trends. Be it the integration of the skirmish style play in the early 2000s or the introduction of a more accessible system with the Age of Sigmar, the game continually evolved to keep pace with its fandom. In conclusion, Warhammer's historical context has been a compelling journey. It has fearlessly evolved over time, drawing inspiration from our world's political, cultural, and historical contexts while in tandem mirroring the broad shifts in how war and society's thematic concepts were conceptualized, making Warhammer not only a fantastic game but also a reflection of our dances with history.

Key Components of the Warhammer Universe

The Warhammer Universe, created by Games Workshop, is renowned for its detailed and rich lore extending over 30 years across various mediums like novels, video games, and the core tabletop games. It possesses key components that make it stand out amongst other fantasy realms. One of the most identifiable aspects is the strong alignment of Chaos, a dark force that permeates the world, shaping and reshaping both landscape and beings. The grim-dark ambiance is accompanied by the apocalyptic wars between multiple races like the human Imperium, zealous Space Marines, aberrant Chaos Daemons, technologically advanced Tau Empire, and the Orcs, who are driven by an innate desire for anarchy. These sprawling space epics are set against a backdrop of majestic Gothic architecture, emphasizing the daunting and respectable scale of the universe. The Warhammer Universe diversely caters to both science-fiction with Warhammer 40,000 and fantasy settings with Warhammer Age of Sigmar. Warhammer 40k revolves around intergalactic warfare, political upheaval, and cosmic horror; concerned with survival against unimaginable foes. On the contrary, Age of Sigmar, while it also explores warfare on a grand scale, is more rooted in high-fantasy, with various realms filled with mythical creatures and magic. Magic plays a crucial role in both verses, dictating the rules of the universe - casting blessings upon heroes, and curses upon foes. Building on each race's distinctive characteristics, the bewildering complexity of the Warhammer Universe is further emphasized by its well-structured organization. From the Imperial Inquisition, whose primary duty is to root out heresy and mutation, to the Eldar Craftworlds, ancient city-ships traveling through the cosmos, to Hive Cities with billions of human inhabitants living in stacked mega-structures — this Universe provides immense contexts and expanses to explore. As the Warhammer Universe grew, its lore extended to Black Library books that dwell deep into individual heroes or historic battles, providing layers of storytelling. The factions, their cultures, and ideals are so meticulously characterized that a player can wholly invest in their chosen faction's lore. Additionally, the theme of constant warfare and sacrifice adds a grim and relentless reality to the game, offering a unique blend of fantasy and harsh reality, making it one of the most immersive universes in the gaming industry. The Universe's distinctive hue is also represented through miniature figurines, painting supplies, and terrain models - the heart of Warhammer’s popularity. Assembling and meticulously painting these pieces is a vital aspect of engaging with the lore, allowing players to strategize and visualize their armies based on their understanding of the Warhammer Universe. In essence, the Warhammer Universe is a tumultuous mixture of grim darkness, intense races, vendetta-driven factions, pervasive magic, and relentless warfare. It is a grand stage that brings together space opera, gothic horror, and high fantasy, with intricately designed models, providing an immersive experience for its players. This fantastical universe's multidimensional nature draws millions to explore, live, and often perish in this incredibly detailed world, making Warhammer's success unequivocal.

Popularity and Cultural Impact

Popularity and Cultural Impact Since its inception, Warhammer has made an indelible mark on popular and geek culture worldwide, morphing into a juggernaut of IP that transcends its tabletop beginnings. The scale and complexity of the Warhammer universe have not only established a dedicated fan base but also attracted a wide demographic of people. Its popularity continues to soar, evident in its expansion into various mediums such as videogames, novels, comics, and even an animated series. The cultural impact of Warhammer is profound. Its blending of fantasy, science fiction, and military strategy has struck a chord with a large number of individuals. The game's lore is perpetually evolving, contributing to the rich tapestry of the Warhammer universe. This detailed background adds depth to the gameplay, immersing you in an expansive universe replete with diverse species, intense faction rivalries, and relentless war scenarios. This ultimately amplifies the emotional connection between players and their chosen factions or characters, thereby fostering a deeply immersive experience. Moreover, Warhammer's influence is not confined to role-playing games (RPG) enthusiasts but permeates broader pop culture. The influence is seen in the countless homages and parodies it has inspired across various media, including television shows, comics, and video games. This also manifests in the unique art style of the miniatures, the miniature painting genre, and the Warhammer themed merchandise. It should be noted that Warhammer's popularity surge also stems from its social aspect. Traditional gaming is often a solitary experience, while Warhammer encourages gatherings and social interactions. The game promotes camaraderie, collaboration, and communal enjoyment, which further strengthens its appeal and cultural significance. The cultural impact of Warhammer has also given birth to a unique and thriving community of enthusiasts, who regularly engage in tournaments, painting competitions, and lore discussions. These communities are found both offline and online, creating unique bonds and shared experiences among members worldwide. In essence, Warhammer is more than a game. It's a diverse community, a creative outlet, and a pop culture phenomenon. Its continually expanding universe and attention to detail create a fascinating, engaging experience that keeps fans returning for more. All these factors contribute to its immense popularity and undeniable cultural impact.

The Different Types of Warhammer

Warhammer, a popular tabletop miniature wargame, has captured the attention and devotion of enthusiasts worldwide. Created by Games Workshop, the Warhammer franchise is not one, but an eclectic mix of different variants, making it a unique, convoluted universe that can be explored. The vast world of Warhammer can primarily be categorized into three principal types - Warhammer Age of Sigmar, Warhammer 40,000, and other unique variants and spin-offs. These categories, each intriguing in their own right, provide distinct gameplays, plots, and character sets that broaden the horizon of conventional gaming. Starting with the Warhammer Age of Sigmar, it is a faction-based game set in a world where mighty heroes, deranged villains, and monstrous creatures attract the dedicated and passionate. The timeless nature of this type draws many to its compelling gameplay, vividly imagined universe, and intricately designed miniatures. This article delves into the gripping worlds of each type, along with the thrilling diversities they offer to every Warhammer enthusiast. As we broach further into this engaging realm, there is no better place to commence our journey than the "Age of Sigmar".

Warhammer Age of Sigmar

Warhammer Age of Sigmar, often abbreviated as AoS, significantly stands out as a unique type of Warhammer that warrants comprehensive discussion. Introduced in 2015 as a successor to the beloved Warhammer Fantasy series, AoS reimagines and expands upon prevalent elements of Warhammer, effectively creating an entirely different universe within the Warhammer multiverse. Although it maintains Warhammer's iconic blend of fantasy and warfare, AoS introduces new fantastical elements and a shifted emphasis toward individual heroes and god-like beings, rather than conventional warfare. Set in the Mortal Realms, a vibrant, god-visaged cosmos, it generates a vivid, immersive environment distinct from Warhammer Fantasy's old-world European setting. Every one of these realms revolves around a specific theme such as life, death, or fire, enabling players to indulge in an infinite array of thematic battles. Visualization and narrative are central to AoS, a contrast to the strategic and tactical focus of many of its Warhammer counterparts. The game mechanics of AoS are designed on an accumulated system, hence factions, their respective models, characters, and creatures - the lifeblood of the game - are purposely distinctive. This vast array of models offers a higher degree of tactical depth, customization options, and aesthetic intrigue. Players are free to choose an army that most resonates with their preferred play-style or look from the multiple factions and sub-factions available. An emphasis on impactful heroes echoes this, with many battles hinging on the deeds of these characters. AoS also expounds on the typical Warhammer color-coded morality system, integrating a more nuanced moral complexity. Shifted away from a binary good versus evil narrative, it instead frames warfare as a perpetual struggle between life and death. This new dynamic brings a fresh perspective to the concept that the Warhammer franchise is renowned for, challenging and confronting the fandom's preconceptions. In terms of scalability, AoS is laudable, allowing gamers to participate in quick skirmishes or long-drawn epic battles. Equally commendable is the ease of accessibility. While the game does have depth and is potentially complicated, it isn't as daunting for beginners as others of its ilk. The streamlined rules, coupled with a myriad of easy-to-follow online tutorials, make the AoS inviting to both veterans and newcomers to the Warhammer universe. AoS expands and diversifies the Warhammer universe, by infusing traditional elements with unique narrative prowess and immersive gaming mechanics. This combination enables players to explore new fantastical realms, become intimate with powerful individual characters, and immerse themselves in challenging moral dichotomies. Age of Sigmar is an evolution in the Warhammer universe, displaying an innovative narrative-driven approach that sets it apart from the other types of Warhammer.

Warhammer 40,000

Warhammer 40,000 is a captivating subdivision of the extensive Warhammer universe, leaving players spellbound with its detailed lore, strategic gameplay, and intricate miniatures. Representing a dystopian future set in the 41st millennium, Warhammer 40,000, colloquially known as Warhammer 40k, originated from a science fantasy-themed tabletop miniature wargame developed by world-renowned British company Games Workshop in 1987. Warhammer 40,000 is marked by a grimdark, militaristic theme, a stark contrast to its counterpart components, each with their unique narratives. It portrays the chilling cause and effect of war and power, where civilization is on the brink of annihilation, becoming a nightmarish mirage of constant warfare and the struggle for survival against unimaginably formidable foes. Predominantly harsh and brutal, it seems to suggest that, in the far future, "there is only war." The game requires players to assemble high-quality miniature models representing their chosen faction. These factions range from fiendish Chaos Space Marines and insatiable Tyranids, to the stoic ever-vigilant Ultramarines and devout Adepta Sororitas. Each faction presents its unique, meticulously crafted narrative, giving life to the characterful figurines and adding depth to the game's mechanics. Strategy is at the heart of Warhammer 40,000. It is a game where the mind reigns supreme, rewarding well-thought-out tactics, careful placement, and considered threat response. Each unit possesses unique skills, traits, and weaponry, bringing countless possibilities to the battlefield. Additionally, chance plays its part in the unfolding chaos; dice rolls add uncertainty to engagements, making each battle feel fresh and inherently challenging. A critical facet of Warhammer 40,000 that adds to its grandeur is its lore. Epidemic literature accompanies the game, chronicling the fate of untold billions across numerous dying worlds. From the nightmarishly dark Horus Heresy to the rise of the Necron dynasties, the lore stimulates the players' imagination, luring them deeper into the grim darkness of the far future. Robust codexes filled with background information, art, and rules for each faction further embellish the game's continuity and context. Lastly, the hobby aspect is a significant part of Warhammer 40,000, a shared experience among its legion of international players. It encourages creativity by allowing players to customize their miniatures, paint them according to their chosen color schemes, and even create their scenery for exclusive, personalized battlefields. Warhammer 40k isn't just a game; it's a community-driven experience that fosters camaraderie, competition, and creativity; a community where sharing painted miniatures, discussing tactical nuances, and engaging in friendly rivalry is commonplace. Despite sharing the Warhammer name with its fantasy counterpart, Warhammer 40,000 holds its unique place in this vast universe, offering a comprehensively profound and immersive experience that appeals to players globally. Its blend of strategic depth, rich lore, and community support ensures that it stands as a monumental gaming masterpiece in its right, gracefully riding the waves of the ever-expanding sea of the diverse and captivating world of Warhammer.

Other Variants and Spin-Offs

Exploring the vast world of Warhammer is incomplete without mentioning its numerous variants and spin-offs which mirror its rich, expansive universe. Over the years, Games Workshop, the brain behind the franchise, has released a plethora of variations each offering a distinct flavor of the grim, battle-infused Warhammer universe. Warhammer 40,000 Kill Team, for instance, scales down the epic conflicts of its parent game to tense, squad-based skirmishes. Specifically designed for smaller skirmishes, Kill Team focuses on small but specialized squads instead of massive armies, adding a new tactical layer to the Warhammer experience. Another standout spin-off is Warhammer Underworlds, the first-ever Warhammer deck-building game that combines elements of miniature-based skirmish wargame with collectible card games. It offers a fusion of tactical warfare with a rich and comprehensive deck-building system, revolutionizing the gaming experience for Warhammer enthusiasts. Warhammer Quest, on the other hand, deviates from wargaming altogether, plunging into the realm of cooperative board games with its dungeon-crawler theme, allowing fans to engage in thrilling PvE adventures. Not to mention the intriguing variant, Warhammer 40,000: Inquisitor-Martyr, an action RPG title set in the Warhammer universe. It combines the fierce combat of the traditional Warhammer with a narrative-driven gameplay, offering gamers a chance to hunt down heretics and monsters. On the historical front, Warhammer Ancient Battles allows aficionados to recreate famous wars from history using the Warhammer system. Meanwhile, Warhammer Age of Sigmar injects high fantasy into the intricate Warhammer mix, following in the footsteps of the legacy Warhammer Fantasy Battles. Here, daemon-worshipping Vikings clash with noble steeds in extravagant, massed battles that play out across the Mortal Realms. Additionally, Warhammer has also ventured into the digital sphere, inspiring engrossing games like Total War: Warhammer, a critically acclaimed strategy game series that pits different factions of the Warhammer world in a battle for supremacy. These variants and spin-offs are not merely derivatives but offer unique lenses through which to explore Warhammer's diverse universe. Each twists the Warhammer formula in unexpected, fascinating ways, catering to various playstyles and preferences. They fortify the franchise’s longevity and appeal, broadening its scope beyond the confines of miniature wargaming, thus affirming Warhammer's status as a multi-faceted platform for heroic clash and boundless storytelling.

Engaging with Warhammer: Games, Models, and Community

Warhammer, a franchise that transcends mere gaming, combines the challenging elements of strategy-based tabletop games, the intricate craft of model building and painting, and the camaraderie of a dedicated global community. In this enlightening domain, enthusiasts not only immerse into battle-planning, worldview-building, or character-development but also plunge into an artful journey of assembling and coloring detailed miniature models. Just as it caters to the strategists and hobbyists, Warhammer also connects diverse minds through local gaming clubs, online forums, and international tournaments, evolving continuously with an ever-active and vibrant community interaction. This intricate weave of three vital threads – Tabletop Gaming Mechanics, Model Building and Painting, and the Community and Competitive Scene – ameliorates the Warhammer experience into a unique, exciting, and fulfilling hobby. Having surveyed this overview, let us first descend into the realm of Warhammer's strategic element: the intricate mechanics of its tabletop gaming.

Tabletop Gaming Mechanics

The tabletop gaming universe is rich with intricate mechanisms of play, and Warhammer, with its multifaceted gameplay, serves as a perfect illustration. Tabletop mechanics in Warhammer span beyond the traditional role-playing game structures, combining elements of strategic warfare, miniature modeling, and an expansive lore. Each individual model in a Warhammer match not only represents a unit in a sprawling fantasy war, but also embodies a piece of an elaborate narrative, allowing players to engage with their armies' individual characters, their histories, and their political and ideological affiliations. Central to Warhammer's gameplay are the rules of war, which govern the movements, battles, and special abilities of the models. Each model possesses specific stats, dictating its attack strength, defence, movement speed, and other capabilities. However, what really makes Warhammer's mechanics unique is its allowance for dynamic, strategic play. Intelligent tactics and well-thought-out strategies can overturn the tide of battle, and spontaneous reactions are often necessary amidst the ebb and flow of conflict. In contrast to many other tabletop games, Warhammer involves a strong aspect of miniature modeling. This facet adds another dimension to the game mechanics, as assembling, painting, and customizing models become vital elements of the game itself. This customizability crafts a sense of personal connection between players and their armies, where each model is no longer a mere game piece, but a cherished work of art. Moreover, Warhammer extends beyond the battlefield, encompassing a vast lore that enhances the depth of the game mechanics. The game incorporates myriad factions, each with distinct characteristics and complex backstories that are deeply intertwined with the game's rules and mechanics. Often, these narratives influence how a particular army functions or how certain characters operate within the game. The rich mythology of Warhammer shapes the game’s narrative context, providing a solid foundation for the game’s mechanics while further captivating its players. The interplay of these elements—strategic warfare, model building, and narrative involvement—creates a highly nuanced game environment. Such intricacy encompasses Warhammer's appeal, as the combination of tableau, social interaction, and model crafting offers an immersive gaming experience that other tabletop games often struggle to replicate. In the realm of Warhammer, action, strategy, creation, and lore coalesce, creating intricate gaming mechanics that are as engaging as they are complex. Sampling from various gaming genres, Warhammer redefines the limits of traditional tabletop games, cementing itself as a pioneer in the industry. This multifaceted approach to gaming mechanics draws players in, inviting them to not only play a game, but also to be a part of a world and community unlike any other.

Model Building and Painting

Developing an innate understanding and fostering interest in model building and painting is an integral experience pivotal to seamless engagement with Warhammer. Both experienced hobbyists and beginners find an incredibly rewarding process in assembling these miniature armies and creating vastly detailed battle scenes. This aspect of Warhammer is a departure from being a mere board game to becoming a creative project which results into a breath-taking manifestation of their imagination and finesse. Model building in Warhammer is multifaceted. It involves choosing the appropriate Warhammer set or faction, compiling the required models and potentially converting or adjusting them to your preference. Each model brings a different layer to the game as the variations in their abilities and characteristics change the course of play. Careful, patient assembly, followed by rigorous painting demand not just time but also a high level of concentration and precision. It should be noted that this task is not simply about coloring within predetermined lines, rather it is an opportunity to delve into the lore of the Warhammer universe and depict it in a tangible form. Painting itself functions as a medium to fully realize the depth of the aesthetics and themes of the Warhammer world. Adept painters bring the details of the models' armors, weaponry, and faces to life with masterful brush strokes and a variety of techniques. Whether it's the grizzled scars on an Ultramarines' face, the uncanny shine in a Skaven's eyes, or the gritty texture on aged Orcish weapons, every design choice is a nod towards understanding Warhammer's rich narrative and lore. Moreover, the act of model building and painting fosters a strong sense of community among Warhammer enthusiasts. Sharing painting strategies, demonstrating color schemes or even sharing modifier suggestions serve as platforms for interaction, discussion, and learning, thereby nurturing camaraderie and shared excitement about the game. In fact, Warhammer's official stores frequently host painting tutorials and other events aimed at enhancing these skills. Therefore, to engage with Warhammer is to immerse oneself in an artistically and intellectually stimulating pursuit of model building and painting. As you bring miniature armies to life on the gaming tabletop, you tap into creative realms and set the stage for epic battles, all while being part of an active, supportive community. This laudable combination unites the exciting aspects of a strategic game and a rewarding artistic hobby, making Warhammer much more than just a collection of miniatures. Discovering, enhancing, and displaying the aesthetic potentials of these models ensure that every Warhammer session is an immersive journey, making each move or decision on the battlefield visually stimulating and narratively impactful.

Community and Competitive Scene

Engaged players in the Warhammer community participate in various ways, immersing themselves in different facets of the game ranging from intricate model painting, intense game playing to engaging discussions revolving around lore, tactics and the latest updates from the developers, Games Workshop. There is a rich and vast competitive scene within the community which provides players with plentiful opportunities to pit their tactics against each other using beautifully painted armies on thematic tabletop landscapes. Regional and international tournaments regularly take place such as The Grand Tournament, where skilled gamers compete for the championship title, adding a competitive edge to the game and fueling the camaraderie within the Warhammer community. Players prepare extensively for such events, brainstorming tactical strategies, ensuring their miniatures are well-painted while adhering to the rules, and gathering all the necessary equipment one may need. These events bring the community closer, fostering a sense of sportsmanship as they are defined by mutual respect, shared passion, and a friendly yet competitive atmosphere. Furthermore, the Warhammer community extends beyond face-to-face events, as the digital age provides countless platforms where the community flourishes. Forums, YouTube channels, and social media groups allow enthusiasts to connect from all corners of the globe, share ideas, trade miniatures, and debate over a myriad of topics from the extensive Warhammer universe lore to the most effective battlefield strategies. Following the release of Warhammer Digital, fans can now access all their favourite content in a more accessible format including eBooks and digital editions of White Dwarf, the community’s leading magazine. The community's inclusivity and cooperative spirit are further seen in the "Army Painter" competitions, where players display their artistic skills and compete based on the quality of their figure painting. These contests reflect another dimension of Warhammer - a celebration of craftsmanship and art where players can express their creativity through the customization and painting of their miniatures. The competitive aspect pools in a sense of healthy rivalry as players strive to outdo one another, not only on tactical wargaming but also in the artistry of their models. In other words, both the glamour of Warhammer battles and the gritty intricacies of painting and modeling intertwine flawlessly, creating an all-encompassing hobby that fans can approach from various perspectives. To be a part of the Warhammer community means to embrace not only the thrill of the game and the charm of intricately crafting your models but also to share these passions with a community of like-minded individuals. While Warhammer brings people together through its engaging gameplay and compelling lore, it’s the spirit of sharing, camaraderie amidst the competition that truly defines the community. Newcomers and veterans, painters and gamers, all unite under the banner of Warhammer, each contributing their unique voice to the rich symphony that forms the Warhammer community. Whether on the battlefield or at the paint desk, the Warhammer community embraces its diversity and thrives in its distinct competitive scene.