A Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is a specialized savings vehicle designed to support individuals with disabilities, providing them with financial security and independence. This innovative savings plan is tailored to help families and individuals save for the future, leveraging government contributions and tax benefits. To fully appreciate the value of an RDSP, it is essential to delve into its core components. Understanding the basics of RDSPs is crucial, as it lays the foundation for grasping the numerous benefits and advantages these plans offer. From enhanced savings potential to tax-free growth, RDSPs present a compelling financial strategy. Additionally, knowing how to set up and manage an RDSP ensures that you can maximize its benefits effectively. In this article, we will explore these key aspects in detail, starting with an in-depth look at the basics of RDSPs. By understanding these fundamentals, you will be better equipped to harness the full potential of this valuable savings tool. --- **Understanding the Basics of RDSP**

Understanding the Basics of RDSP

Understanding the basics of a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is crucial for individuals and families seeking to secure financial stability for loved ones with disabilities. This comprehensive savings plan is designed to provide long-term financial security, and it is essential to grasp its core elements to maximize its benefits. The article delves into three key aspects: **Definition and Purpose**, **Eligibility Criteria**, and **Key Components**. First, understanding the **Definition and Purpose** of an RDSP sets the foundation for appreciating its value. It is a savings plan specifically created to help individuals with disabilities save for their future needs. Next, knowing the **Eligibility Criteria** ensures that those who can benefit from this plan are aware of the requirements and can take necessary steps to qualify. Finally, familiarizing oneself with the **Key Components**, such as contributions, grants, and investment options, helps in making informed decisions about managing the plan effectively. By exploring these facets, individuals can make the most of an RDSP and ensure a more secure financial future for those with disabilities. Let's begin by examining the **Definition and Purpose** of an RDSP, which forms the cornerstone of this valuable savings tool.

Definition and Purpose

**Understanding the Basics of RDSP: Definition and Purpose** A Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is a specialized savings vehicle designed to assist individuals with disabilities in Canada to save for their long-term financial security. The RDSP was introduced by the Canadian government in 2008 as part of its commitment to enhancing the financial well-being of people with disabilities. At its core, an RDSP is a registered savings plan that combines personal contributions with government grants and bonds to grow over time, providing a substantial nest egg for future needs. The primary purpose of an RDSP is to help individuals with severe and prolonged impairments in physical or mental functions accumulate savings that can be used to cover various expenses related to their disability. This includes costs associated with medical treatments, assistive technologies, home modifications, education, and other living expenses that may arise due to their condition. By providing a structured savings mechanism, RDSPs aim to reduce financial stress and dependency on government assistance programs, thereby promoting greater independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities. Key features of an RDSP include the ability to receive government contributions through the Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) and the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB). The CDSG matches contributions made to the RDSP, up to a certain limit each year, while the CDSB provides additional funding based on family income levels. These government contributions significantly enhance the growth potential of the RDSP, making it an attractive option for families seeking to secure their loved one's financial future. Moreover, RDSPs offer flexibility in terms of contribution limits and withdrawal rules. Beneficiaries or their guardians can contribute up to $200,000 over the lifetime of the plan, and there are no annual contribution limits. Withdrawals from an RDSP can be made in the form of Disability Assistance Payments (DAPs), which are subject to certain conditions to ensure that the funds are used for the benefit of the beneficiary. In summary, the RDSP is a vital financial tool tailored to support individuals with disabilities by fostering long-term savings and financial independence. Its definition as a registered savings plan underscores its legitimacy and regulatory framework, while its purpose is rooted in enhancing the quality of life for those who need it most. By leveraging government grants and bonds alongside personal contributions, RDSPs provide a robust mechanism for building a secure financial future, thereby alleviating some of the economic burdens associated with living with a disability. Understanding these basics is crucial for anyone considering an RDSP as part of their financial planning strategy.

Eligibility Criteria

To fully grasp the benefits and functionality of a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), it is crucial to understand the eligibility criteria that govern who can open and contribute to such an account. The RDSP is a savings plan designed to help individuals with disabilities save for their long-term financial security, and as such, it has specific requirements that must be met. First and foremost, the individual for whom the RDSP is being opened must have a valid Social Insurance Number (SIN). This is a fundamental requirement as it allows the government to track and manage the benefits associated with the RDSP. Additionally, the individual must be eligible for the Disability Tax Credit (DTC), which is a non-refundable tax credit that reduces the amount of income tax payable by individuals with severe and prolonged impairments in physical or mental functions. The DTC application process involves submitting Form T2201, Disability Tax Credit Certificate, which requires a medical practitioner's certification of the individual's disability. Another key criterion is that the individual must be a Canadian resident. This ensures that the RDSP aligns with Canadian tax laws and regulations, allowing for seamless integration with other government benefits and tax credits. Furthermore, there is no age limit for opening an RDSP; however, contributions can only be made until the end of the year in which the beneficiary turns 59 years old. This allows families and caregivers ample time to accumulate savings over several decades. The RDSP also has specific rules regarding who can be the holder of the account. Typically, this role falls to a parent, guardian, or other legal representative if the beneficiary is a minor or lacks legal capacity. Once the beneficiary reaches the age of majority (18 or 19 depending on the province), they can take over as the account holder unless they lack legal capacity due to their disability. In terms of contributions, there are no annual limits on how much can be contributed to an RDSP, but there is a lifetime contribution limit of $200,000 per beneficiary. Contributions can be made by anyone, including family members, friends, and even the beneficiary themselves if they have the financial means. However, it's important to note that while contributions are not subject to tax when made, they will be taxed when withdrawn as part of the beneficiary's income. Understanding these eligibility criteria is essential for maximizing the benefits of an RDSP. By ensuring that all requirements are met and contributions are made strategically, individuals with disabilities and their families can build a substantial nest egg to support future needs and enhance overall quality of life. This comprehensive approach not only aligns with the purpose of the RDSP but also leverages available government grants and bonds that can significantly boost the savings over time. Ultimately, navigating these criteria effectively empowers individuals to secure a more financially stable future despite the challenges posed by their disabilities.

Key Components

Understanding the basics of a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) hinges on grasping its key components, which are designed to provide financial security for individuals with severe and prolonged impairments. At the core of an RDSP is the **Beneficiary**, the individual for whom the plan is established. This person must be eligible for the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) and have a valid Social Insurance Number (SIN). The **Holder** of the RDSP is typically a parent, guardian, or the beneficiary themselves if they are of legal age and capacity. The holder is responsible for managing the plan and making decisions regarding contributions and withdrawals. **Contributions** are another vital component. Contributions to an RDSP can be made until the end of the year in which the beneficiary turns 59 years old. These contributions are not tax-deductible, but they grow tax-free within the plan. Additionally, the government provides two types of grants: the **Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG)** and the **Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB)**. The CDSG matches contributions up to a certain percentage, while the CDSB is a direct government contribution based on family income, regardless of whether any personal contributions are made. **Investment Options** within an RDSP allow holders to grow their savings over time. Similar to other registered savings plans, RDSPs can be invested in a variety of assets such as Guaranteed Investment Certificates (GICs), mutual funds, and stocks. This flexibility enables holders to tailor their investment strategy to meet the beneficiary's long-term financial needs. **Withdrawals** from an RDSP are subject to specific rules. There are two types of withdrawals: **Lifetime Disability Assistance Payments (LDAPs)** and **Disability Assistance Payments (DAPs)**. LDAPs are annual payments that must begin by the end of the year in which the beneficiary turns 60, while DAPs are one-time payments that can be made at any time but are subject to certain conditions. It's important to note that withdrawals are taxed in the hands of the beneficiary, and there may be penalties for early or excessive withdrawals. **Carry-Forward Rules** also play a crucial role in maximizing government grants. Unused grant and bond entitlements from previous years can be carried forward, allowing holders to claim these amounts in future years. This feature ensures that beneficiaries do not miss out on available government funding due to missed contributions or eligibility issues. Lastly, **Termination Rules** outline the conditions under which an RDSP must be terminated. If the beneficiary ceases to be eligible for the DTC or passes away, the RDSP must be closed. In such cases, any government grants received in the preceding ten years must be repaid to the government, a process known as the **Repayment of Grants and Bonds**. In summary, understanding these key components—beneficiary eligibility, holder responsibilities, contribution rules, government grants, investment options, withdrawal rules, carry-forward provisions, and termination requirements—is essential for effectively utilizing an RDSP to secure the financial future of individuals with disabilities. By navigating these elements thoughtfully, families and individuals can leverage the RDSP as a powerful tool in their long-term financial planning.

Benefits and Advantages of RDSP

The Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is a comprehensive financial tool designed to support individuals with disabilities, offering a multitude of benefits that enhance their financial well-being. This plan is particularly advantageous due to its ability to provide financial assistance for individuals with disabilities, ensuring they have the necessary resources to meet their unique needs. Additionally, the RDSP offers significant tax benefits and savings, allowing contributions to grow tax-free until withdrawal, thereby maximizing the overall savings potential. Furthermore, it provides long-term financial security by fostering a stable financial future, safeguarding against unforeseen expenses and ensuring a better quality of life. By leveraging these advantages, individuals with disabilities can secure a more stable and secure financial future. Let's delve into the first of these benefits: **Financial Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities**.

Financial Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities

Financial assistance for individuals with disabilities is a crucial aspect of ensuring their independence, well-being, and quality of life. One of the most significant tools in this regard is the Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), which offers a range of benefits and advantages. For individuals with disabilities, accessing financial resources can be challenging due to limited employment opportunities and higher living costs associated with their condition. The RDSP addresses these challenges by providing a long-term savings vehicle that helps families and individuals save for the future. The RDSP is particularly advantageous because it combines personal contributions with government grants and bonds, significantly enhancing the savings potential. The Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) matches contributions up to a certain amount each year, while the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB) provides additional funding regardless of personal contributions. This means that even those with limited financial means can accumulate substantial savings over time. Furthermore, RDSPs are designed to be flexible; they allow contributions until the beneficiary turns 59 years old, and withdrawals can be made starting at age 60, ensuring that funds are available when they are most needed. Another key benefit of RDSPs is their impact on government benefits. Unlike other savings plans, RDSPs do not affect eligibility for most government benefits such as the Old Age Security (OAS) and Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS). This ensures that individuals with disabilities can save for their future without jeopardizing their current support systems. Additionally, RDSPs offer tax-deferred growth, meaning that earnings on investments within the plan are not subject to income tax until withdrawal. This feature maximizes the growth potential of the savings, providing a more substantial nest egg for future needs. Moreover, RDSPs promote financial security and independence by allowing beneficiaries to plan for various life stages and needs. Whether it's funding education, healthcare expenses, or living arrangements, RDSPs provide a dedicated pool of resources tailored to the unique requirements of individuals with disabilities. They also offer peace of mind for families who worry about their loved ones' financial futures, knowing that there is a structured plan in place to support them. In summary, financial assistance through RDSPs is a vital component in supporting individuals with disabilities. By leveraging government grants and bonds, minimizing impact on other benefits, and offering tax-deferred growth, RDSPs create a robust savings framework that enhances financial security and independence. As part of a comprehensive strategy to support individuals with disabilities, RDSPs stand out as an invaluable tool for building a brighter financial future.

Tax Benefits and Savings

When it comes to the Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), one of the most compelling aspects is the array of tax benefits and savings it offers. The RDSP is designed to help individuals with disabilities and their families save for the future, and it does so through a combination of government contributions and tax advantages. Here’s how these benefits work: 1. **Government Contributions**: The RDSP is eligible for two types of government contributions: the Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) and the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB). The CDSG matches contributions made to the RDSP, providing up to $3,500 annually and a lifetime maximum of $70,000. The CDSB provides up to $1,000 annually, even if no contributions are made, with a lifetime maximum of $20,000. These contributions are not subject to income tax until withdrawal. 2. **Tax-Deferred Growth**: Contributions to an RDSP grow tax-free, similar to other registered savings plans like RRSPs or TFSAs. This means that any investment earnings within the RDSP are not subject to income tax until the funds are withdrawn. This tax-deferred growth can significantly enhance the overall value of the savings over time. 3. **Taxation Upon Withdrawal**: When funds are withdrawn from an RDSP, they are taxed in the hands of the beneficiary, who typically has a lower income due to their disability. This results in lower overall taxes compared to if the contributions were taxed at a higher income level during the contribution years. 4. **Impact on Government Benefits**: Unlike other savings vehicles, RDSPs do not affect eligibility for most government benefits such as Old Age Security, Guaranteed Income Supplement, or provincial social assistance programs. This ensures that individuals with disabilities can save for their future without jeopardizing their current benefits. 5. **Flexibility in Contributions**: There is no annual limit on contributions to an RDSP, but there is a lifetime contribution limit of $200,000 per beneficiary. This flexibility allows families and individuals to contribute as much as they can afford, making it easier to build substantial savings over time. 6. **Long-Term Savings**: The RDSP encourages long-term savings by imposing penalties for early withdrawals and requiring a portion of the grant and bond amounts to be repaid if withdrawals are made within ten years of receiving these government contributions. This structure helps ensure that the funds are used for their intended purpose—supporting the beneficiary in their later years. In summary, the tax benefits and savings associated with an RDSP make it an invaluable tool for individuals with disabilities and their families. By leveraging government contributions, tax-deferred growth, and strategic taxation upon withdrawal, the RDSP provides a robust framework for building a secure financial future while preserving eligibility for other essential government benefits. This combination of advantages underscores why the RDSP is such a powerful instrument in planning for long-term financial security and independence.

Long-term Financial Security

Achieving long-term financial security is a cornerstone of personal and family well-being, and the Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) offers a robust tool to help individuals with disabilities and their families build a secure financial future. One of the most significant benefits of an RDSP is its ability to accumulate substantial funds over time, thanks to generous government contributions. The Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) and the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB) provide substantial matching funds and bonds, respectively, which can significantly enhance the savings within the plan. For instance, the CDSG matches contributions up to $3,500 annually, while the CDSB provides up to $1,000 annually, even if no personal contributions are made. This means that an RDSP can grow significantly faster than other savings vehicles, providing a substantial nest egg for future needs. Moreover, RDSPs are designed to be flexible and adaptable to the unique needs of individuals with disabilities. Unlike other savings plans, RDSPs do not affect eligibility for most government benefits and income support programs, ensuring that individuals can save without jeopardizing their current financial assistance. This flexibility is crucial as it allows families to plan for long-term care and support without worrying about immediate financial repercussions. Additionally, RDSPs can be managed by a beneficiary's family members or legal representatives, providing peace of mind that the funds are being managed responsibly and in the best interest of the beneficiary. Another key advantage of RDSPs is their tax-deferred growth, which allows the investments within the plan to grow more efficiently. Similar to Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSPs), RDSPs allow earnings to accumulate tax-free until withdrawal, maximizing the potential for long-term growth. This feature is particularly beneficial for individuals who may require significant financial resources in the future to cover medical expenses, assistive technologies, or other support services. In terms of accessibility, RDSPs are relatively straightforward to establish and maintain. Most major financial institutions offer RDSPs, making it easy for families to set up and manage these plans. Furthermore, contributions can be made until the end of the year in which the beneficiary turns 59 years old, providing a long window for accumulating funds. When withdrawals are needed, they can be structured in a way that minimizes tax implications, ensuring that the beneficiary receives the maximum benefit from their savings. Ultimately, an RDSP is a powerful tool for ensuring long-term financial security for individuals with disabilities. By leveraging government contributions, maintaining flexibility in management and eligibility for benefits, offering tax-deferred growth, and providing accessible setup and maintenance options, RDSPs help families build a stable financial foundation. This security enables individuals with disabilities to live more independently and pursue their goals without the burden of financial uncertainty, making the RDSP an indispensable component of any comprehensive financial plan.

How to Set Up and Manage an RDSP

Setting up and managing a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is a crucial step for individuals with disabilities and their families to secure financial stability and independence. An RDSP offers a unique opportunity to save for the future, leveraging government contributions to maximize savings. To effectively utilize this tool, it is essential to understand the key components involved in its setup and management. First, **Opening an RDSP Account** is the foundational step, requiring careful consideration of eligibility criteria, choosing the right financial institution, and completing the necessary paperwork. This initial phase sets the stage for all subsequent actions. Once the account is established, **Contributing to an RDSP** becomes a critical aspect. Understanding the contribution limits, government matching grants, and bonds available can significantly enhance the growth of the fund. Finally, **Withdrawal Rules and Strategies** must be carefully planned to ensure that the funds are used effectively when needed. This involves understanding the different types of withdrawals, tax implications, and long-term financial planning. By mastering these three key areas—opening the account, contributing wisely, and managing withdrawals strategically—you can optimize the benefits of an RDSP. Let's begin by delving into the first crucial step: **Opening an RDSP Account**.

Opening an RDSP Account

Opening an RDSP (Registered Disability Savings Plan) account is a crucial step in securing the financial future of individuals with disabilities. This specialized savings plan, introduced by the Canadian government, offers significant benefits to help individuals with disabilities save for their long-term needs. To open an RDSP account, you first need to determine if the individual is eligible. Eligibility is based on receiving the Disability Tax Credit (DTC), which can be applied for through the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Once eligibility is confirmed, you can choose a financial institution that offers RDSPs; many major banks and credit unions provide this service. When selecting a financial institution, consider factors such as fees, investment options, and customer service. It is advisable to compare different providers to find one that best suits your needs. After choosing an institution, gather the necessary documentation, including proof of identity and the individual's Social Insurance Number. You may also need to provide documentation related to the DTC. The application process typically involves filling out forms provided by the financial institution, which can often be done online or in-person at a branch. Some institutions may offer assistance or guidance during this process. Once the application is submitted and approved, you can begin contributing to the RDSP. Contributions can be made by family members, friends, or even the individual themselves if they have the capacity. One of the key benefits of an RDSP is the government matching contributions through the Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) and the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB). The CDSG matches contributions up to a certain percentage each year, while the CDSB provides funding even if no contributions are made, provided the individual is eligible. These government contributions can significantly enhance the savings over time. Managing an RDSP involves regular contributions, monitoring investment performance, and ensuring that all necessary paperwork is up-to-date. It is important to review and adjust your investment strategy periodically to ensure it aligns with your long-term goals. Additionally, understanding the rules around withdrawals is crucial; RDSPs have specific rules about how funds can be used to support the individual's needs without penalty. In summary, opening an RDSP account is a straightforward process that requires eligibility confirmation, selecting a suitable financial institution, gathering necessary documents, and completing the application. By leveraging government contributions and managing the account effectively, you can build a substantial fund to support the future well-being of individuals with disabilities. This proactive step not only ensures financial security but also provides peace of mind for both the individual and their loved ones.

Contributing to an RDSP

Contributing to a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is a crucial step in securing the financial future of individuals with severe and prolonged impairments. An RDSP is designed to help families save for the long-term financial security of their loved ones, and contributions play a pivotal role in maximizing its benefits. Here’s how you can effectively contribute to an RDSP: **Eligibility and Contributions**: To contribute to an RDSP, the beneficiary must be eligible for the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) and have a valid Social Insurance Number. Contributions can be made by anyone, including family members, friends, and even the beneficiary themselves. There is no annual limit on contributions, but there is a lifetime limit of $200,000 per beneficiary. **Types of Contributions**: There are two primary types of contributions: personal contributions and government grants. Personal contributions are made by individuals and can be invested in various financial instruments such as mutual funds, GICs, or stocks. The government also provides significant support through the Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG) and the Canada Disability Savings Bond (CDSB). The CDSG matches contributions up to a maximum of $3,500 annually, while the CDSB provides up to $1,000 annually without requiring any personal contributions. **Strategic Contribution Planning**: To maximize the benefits of an RDSP, it’s essential to develop a strategic contribution plan. Early and consistent contributions can significantly enhance the growth of the fund due to compound interest. Additionally, understanding the grant and bond structures can help in optimizing contributions. For instance, contributions made before the end of the calendar year can ensure eligibility for the full grant and bond amounts for that year. **Investment Options**: Once contributions are made, they can be invested in a variety of financial products to grow the fund over time. It’s advisable to consult with a financial advisor to select investment options that align with your risk tolerance and long-term goals. Diversifying investments can help mitigate risks and ensure steady growth. **Tax Implications**: Contributions to an RDSP are not tax-deductible, but the investment earnings within the plan grow tax-free until withdrawal. When withdrawals are made, they are taxed in the hands of the beneficiary, who typically has a lower income, thus minimizing tax liability. **Withdrawal Strategies**: While contributions are crucial, it’s equally important to plan for withdrawals strategically. RDSPs have two types of withdrawals: Lifetime Disability Assistance Payments (LDAPs) and Disability Assistance Payments (DAPs). LDAPs are mandatory annual payments that must start by the end of the year the beneficiary turns 60, while DAPs can be taken at any time but may trigger repayment of government grants and bonds if taken within 10 years of receiving them. In summary, contributing to an RDSP is a thoughtful and proactive way to ensure the financial well-being of individuals with disabilities. By understanding eligibility criteria, leveraging government grants and bonds, planning strategic contributions, selecting appropriate investments, considering tax implications, and strategizing withdrawals, you can make the most out of this valuable savings tool. This comprehensive approach not only enhances the financial security of the beneficiary but also provides peace of mind for their caregivers and loved ones.

Withdrawal Rules and Strategies

When managing a Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP), understanding the withdrawal rules and strategies is crucial to maximize the benefits and ensure long-term financial security for individuals with disabilities. The RDSP is designed to provide financial assistance for the future needs of individuals with severe and prolonged impairments, and its withdrawal rules are structured to balance immediate needs with long-term goals. **Withdrawal Rules:** 1. **Lifetime Disability Assistance Payment (LDAP):** This is a regular payment made from the RDSP to the beneficiary. LDAPs must start by the end of the year in which the beneficiary turns 60, but they can begin earlier if desired. The amount of LDAPs is determined by a formula that considers the beneficiary's life expectancy and the total value of the RDSP. 2. **Disability Assistance Payments (DAPs):** These are lump-sum payments that can be made at any time, but they are subject to certain conditions. DAPs are typically used for specific needs or emergencies. 3. **10-Year Rule:** If a DAP is made, no further contributions or Canada Disability Savings Grants (CDSGs) can be made for 10 years unless the DAP is repaid. 4. **Proportional Repayment Rule:** If a DAP exceeds the lesser of 10 times the annual LDAP or $10,000, a proportionate amount of CDSGs and Canada Disability Savings Bonds (CDSBs) must be repaid to the government. **Strategies:** 1. **Long-Term Planning:** Since RDSPs are designed for long-term savings, it's essential to plan withdrawals carefully to ensure they align with the beneficiary's future needs. This might involve consulting financial advisors to create a tailored withdrawal strategy. 2. **Balancing Immediate Needs:** While it's important to save for the future, there may be times when immediate financial assistance is necessary. Using DAPs judiciously can help meet these needs without compromising long-term goals. 3. **Maximizing Government Contributions:** Ensuring that contributions are made consistently to maximize CDSGs and CDSBs is vital. These government contributions can significantly enhance the RDSP's value over time. 4. **Investment Management:** The investments within an RDSP should be managed with a long-term perspective, considering the risk tolerance and financial goals of the beneficiary. Diversification and regular portfolio reviews can help optimize returns. 5. **Tax Efficiency:** Since RDSPs are tax-deferred accounts, withdrawals are taxed in the hands of the beneficiary. Planning withdrawals during lower-income years can help minimize tax liabilities. In summary, navigating the withdrawal rules and strategies of an RDSP requires careful consideration of both immediate and long-term financial needs. By understanding these rules and implementing a well-thought-out strategy, individuals can ensure that their RDSP provides the maximum benefit possible, enhancing their financial security and well-being over time. This thoughtful approach aligns with the broader goal of setting up and managing an RDSP effectively, ensuring that it serves as a robust tool for supporting individuals with disabilities throughout their lives.